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** 7 August 2019
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** UK
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** Audio: Could smoking kill one billion people this century? (#1)
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** International
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** US: Interaction found between nicotine and insomnia (#2)
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** US: Smoking can affect leg arteries for decades after people quit (#3)
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** US: Deep learning AI may help smokers quit (#4)
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** US: Juul spends $3 million on San Francisco vaping battle (#5)
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** US regulators call on e-cigarette brands to reveal the nineteen chemicals that may be in vapour flavourings (#6)
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** UK
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Sir Richard Peto is Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology at the University of Oxford. His landmark study with Alan Lopez at the World Health Organization predicted that one billion people would die from diseases associated with tobacco this century. By comparison, 100 million people were killed by tobacco in the 20th Century.
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Source: BBC, 6 August 2019
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** International
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** A new study published in the Sleep journal has found that drinking caffeine four hours before bed has small-to-negligible effects on sleep, but nicotine has more than expected. Researchers carried out a large longitudinal study examining the effects of consuming alcohol, caffeine and nicotine in the evenings. They used actigraphy - a watch-like sensor - and concurrent daily sleep diaries from 785 participants of African American heritage over 5,164 days in their home environments.

People were asked to record how much alcohol, caffeine and nicotine they consumed within four hours of bedtime and how long they slept, how well they slept and if they woke after falling asleep.

There was a statistically significant interaction between evening nicotine use and insomnia in relation to sleep duration. Among participants with insomnia, nightly nicotine use was associated with an average 42.47 minute reduction in sleep duration.
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Source: The Sun, 6 August 2019
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Sleep: Evening intake of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine: night-to-night associations with sleep duration and continuity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study ([link removed])
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A new study has found that cigarette smokers have a sharply higher risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and even once they quit, the added risk can last for decades. PAD narrows arteries in the leg, leading to reduced blood flow that causes pain, poor wound healing and other symptoms.

The study also showed that smoking increases the odds of developing PAD more than it raises the risk for heart disease and stroke. This study included more than 3,300 current smokers, nearly 4,200 former smokers and over 5,000 people who have never smoked.

Compared with people who never smoked, those who had smoked for more than 40 pack-years had a four times higher risk of PAD and roughly twice the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. People who currently smoke more than a pack a day had 5.4 times the risk of PAD; 2.4 times the risk of coronary heart disease; and 1.9 times the risk of stroke.

"Our results underscore the importance of both smoking prevention for non-smokers and early smoking cessation for smokers," said senior author Dr. Kunihiro Matsushita, associate professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore. "The study also suggests that campaigns about smoking's health risks should emphasize the elevated risk of peripheral artery disease, not just coronary heart disease and stroke" Dr. Matsushita added.

Source: UPI, 6 August 2019
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** Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases ([link removed])
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** A study has found a deep learning approach may be able to aid would-be quitters, recognising locations predictive of smoking and triggering "just-in-time adaptive cessation interventions." It could also help optimise smokers' environments during cessation attempts and, more broadly, analyse the environmental stimuli of other behaviours that they want to change.

The deep-learning approach successfully differentiated environments that participants designated as smoking or non-smoking with a mean area under the curve of 0.840, a performance comparable to that of human smoking-cessation experts.

"The findings suggest that objects and settings found in images of daily life can be used to identify environments associated with smoking, which may in turn be an effective proxy for craving and smoking risk," wrote lead author Matthew M. Engelhard, MD, PhD, a senior research associate in Duke University's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences in Durham, North Carolina, and colleagues.

Source: Medscape, 6 August 2019

JAMA: Identifying Smoking Environments From Images of Daily Life With Deep Learning ([link removed])
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** Juul Labs injected $3 million in July into a campaign to undo its hometown’s imminent e-cigarette ban, tripling the size of the campaign’s funding.

The money went to the Coalition for Reasonable Vaping Regulation, a Juul-backed organisation established in May to combat San Francisco’s new legislation that would halt the sale of e-cigarettes. The coalition reported the latest funding in a filing to the San Francisco Ethics Commission on Monday, bringing Juul’s total contributions for the year up to $4.5 million. Nate Allbee, the coalition’s communications director, told Forbes that the money will fund a traditional campaign comprising advertisements and canvassing.

“We are strongly supporting these efforts, as part of the growing Coalition for Reasonable Vaping Regulation, to enact strict new regulation and enforcement instead of a ban for all adults that will fuel a black market for vapor products and the increased use of deadly cigarettes,” Juul spokesperson Ted Kwong said in a statement. He added that the ballot measure recognizes “adult smokers should have access to alternatives since cigarettes still kill 40,000 Californians every year.”

Matt Myers, president of the advocacy group Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, told Forbes that Juul is misleading voters about what the ballot measure entails. For example, he says an existing San Francisco ban on flavoured vaping products could be wiped out. “Big Tobacco believes they can buy protection if they spend enough money,” Myers said. Tobacco giant Altria acquired a 35% stake in Juul in December, bumping the latter’s valuation to $38 billion.

Source: Forbes, 6 August 2019
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** Following research from Yale University, the FDA is looking to require e-cigarette companies to disclose nineteen chemicals the agency thinks may be found in e-liquid flavourings. The FDA is also calling for the public's opinion on adding the e-cig chemicals to its list of 93 harmful or potentially harmful substances that tobacco and e-cigarette product-makers must include on labels.

"We remain committed to meeting the important goal of ensuring the public can clearly understand the real and potential risks of tobacco product use as we work to protect kids and significantly reduce tobacco-related disease and death," said FDA Commissioner Ned Sharpless.

The FDA has opened a forum for the public to offer feedback on whether and why the nineteen proposed ingredient additions should be made or not made.

Source: Daily Mail, 6 August 2019
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** See also: UPI - Unlisted chemicals in Juul e-cigarettes may irritate throats of users ([link removed])
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For more information call 020 7404 0242, email [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) or visit www.ash.org.uk

ASH Daily News is a digest of published news on smoking-related topics. ASH is not responsible for the content of external websites. ASH does not necessarily endorse the material contained in this bulletin.

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