New research and data for criminal justice reform

Criminal Justice Research Library for March 4, 2020 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 21 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: County-level jail incarceration and preterm birth among non-Hispanic Black and white U.S. women, 1999-2015 [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Jaquelyn L. Jahn, Jarvis T. Chen, Madina Agenor, Nancy Krieger, July, 2020

"Jail incarceration increases non-Hispanic Black and White women's risk of preterm birth." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Women [[link removed]] Pathways to Reintegration: Criminal Record Reforms in 2019 [[link removed]] by Collateral Consequences Resource Center, February, 2020

"In 2019, 43 states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government enacted an extraordinary 152 laws aimed at reducing barriers faced by people with criminal records in the workplace, at the ballot box, and in many other areas of daily life." Categories: Community Impact [[link removed]] "Gladiator School: Returning Citizens' Experiences with Secondary Violence Exposure in Prison" [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Meghan A. Novisky & Robert L. Peralta, February, 2020

"We find that secondary violence was frequently experienced in prison and often took the form of witnessing non-weaponized assaults, weaponized assaults, multi-perpetrator assaults, and homicide." Categories: Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] Reversing the Pipeline to Prison in Texas: How to Ensure Safe Schools AND Safe Students [[link removed]] by Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, February, 2020

"Traditional, punitive models of student discipline are not only ineffective, but harmful to students and communities." Categories: Education [[link removed]] Youth [[link removed]] In Trouble: How the Promise of Diversion Clashes With the Reality of Poverty, Addiction, and Structural Racism in Alabama's Justice [[link removed]] by Alabama Appleseed Center for Law & Justice, February, 2020

"Fifty-five percent of them made less than $14,999 per year, yet the median amount they reported paying for diversion was $1,600 -- more than ten percent of their total income." Categories: Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Reconciling Police and Communities with Apologies, Acknowledgements, or Both: A Controlled Experiment [[link removed]] by Thomas C. O'Brien, Tracey L. Meares, Tom R. Tyler, February, 2020

"The evidence suggests that police leaders should combine acknowledgement of responsibility for the mistrust with an apology if they want to enlist the cooperation of people who are least likely to trust the police." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] Public Opinion [[link removed]] Ending the War on Drugs in Travis County, Texas: How Low-Level Drug Possession Arrests are Harmful and Ineffective [[link removed]] by TCJC, Grassroots Leadership, Texas Harm Reduction Alliance, and the Civil Rights Clinic at the University of Texas School of Law, February, 2020

"Between 2013 and 2017, the number of low-level Possession of a Controlled Substance (POCS) cases in Travis County increased by 43 percent,3 and Travis County courts saw a 66 percent increase in the overall number of new felony drug possession cases." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] Mortality in Local Jails, 2000-2016 [[link removed]] by Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 2020

"From 2006 to 2016, suicide was the leading single cause of death in local jails each year; it accounted for nearly a third of jail deaths in 2016 (31%)." Categories: Jails [[link removed]] Health impact [[link removed]] Mortality in State and Federal Prisons, 2001-2016 [[link removed]] by Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 2020

"The number of deaths in state prisons rose 1.3% from 2015 to 2016 (from 3,682 to 3,729), while the number of deaths in federal prisons fell 15% (from 455 to 388)." Categories: General [[link removed]] Health impact [[link removed]] Laying the Groundwork: How States Can Improve Access to Continued Education for People in the Criminal Justice System [[link removed]] by Council of State Governments Justice Center, February, 2020

"These findings highlight how far all states have to go to adopt the statewide postsecondary education policies and practices necessary to help incarcerated people transition to leading productive lives in the community." Categories: Education [[link removed]] Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] Women in Prison: Seeking Justice Behind Bars [[link removed]] by U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, February, 2020

"Many incarcerated women continue to experience physical and psychological safety harms while incarcerated and insufficient satisfaction of their constitutional rights." Categories: Women [[link removed]] Changing Course in the Overdose Crisis: Moving from Punishment to Harm Reduction and Health [[link removed]] by Vera Institute of Justice, February, 2020

"U.S. policies, practices, and systems continue to criminalize and punish people who use drugs within and beyond the criminal justice system." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] From Decarceration to E-Carceration [[link removed]] by Chaz Arnett, February, 2020

"A move from decarceration to e-carceration, or from mass incarceration to mass surveillance, will likely fail to resolve, and may exacerbate, one of the greatest harms of mass incarceration: the maintenance of social stratification." Categories: General [[link removed]] Incarcerated Adults with Dependent Children [[link removed]] by Daniel M. Leeds, Juliana Pearson, Simone Robers, and Leslie Scott, February, 2020

"More than three-quarters of incarcerated parents with a child under the age of 18 have low literacy (75 percent) and numeracy (89 percent) skills." Categories: Families [[link removed]] After Cash Bail: A Framework for Reimagining Pretrial Justice [[link removed]] by The Bail Project, February, 2020

"As we look to a future after cash bail, it is clear that transformational change will require a clear commitment to move past the incarceration paradigm and reimagine how society responds to poverty, mental illness, substance abuse, and violence." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Driving While Black and Latinx: Stops, Fines, Fees, and Unjust Debts [[link removed]] by New York Law School Racial Justice Project, February, 2020

"Traffc debt suspensions disproportionately harm New Yorkers of color, and will continue to do so if the current law remains unchanged." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] County Jail Incarceration Rates and County Mortality Rates in the United States, 1987-2016 [[link removed]] by Sandhya Kajeepeta, Caroline G. Rutherford, Katherine M. Keyes, Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, and Seth J. Prins, January, 2020

"Within-county increases in jail incarceration rates are associated with increases in subsequent mortality rates after adjusting for important confounders." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Jails [[link removed]] Restorative Prosecution? Rethinking Responses to Violence [[link removed]] by Olivia Dana and Sherene Crawford, January, 2020

"As progressive prosecutors attempt to take on criminal justice reform, restorative justice offers a path forward, as well as a means of handling violent cases, and complements the reforms they are already carrying out for lower-level, nonviolent cases." Categories: General [[link removed]] An Organizer's Guide to Confronting Pretrial Risk Assessment Tools in Decarceration Campaigns [[link removed]] by Community Justice Exchange, December, 2019

"This guide provides tools for opposing [risk assessment tools], and an analysis that our opposition to them is one part of a larger organizing strategy to end pretrial incarceration and mass supervision." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Successful Reentry: A Community-Level Analysis [[link removed]] by The Harvard University Institute of Politics Criminal Justice Policy Group, December, 2019

"Our research showed that several dynamic risk factors - namely health, employment, housing, skill development, mentorship, social networks, and organization type - significantly affect the success of reentry." Categories: Recidivism and Reentry [[link removed]] A Never-Ending Sentence: The Impact of Criminal Conviction in Project-Based Section 8 Housing Tenant Selection Plans in Cuyahoga County [[link removed]] by Reentry Housing Workgroup of the Cleveland Reentry Strategy Coalition, 2015

"The review of [Tenant Selection Plans] shows that criminal convictions, even from misdemeanors, have a long-term impact on access to Project-Based Section 8 Housing in Cuyahoga County" Categories: Community Impact [[link removed]] Please support our work [[link removed]]

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Other news: Colorado poised to become 8th state to end prison gerrymandering [[link removed]]

We're pushing for states to end prison gerrymandering before the upcoming Census — and we're winning. Last week, the Colorado legislature passed HB 20-1010, which will guarantee that people in prison are counted as residents of their home communities at redistricting time. The bill awaits Governor Jared Polis’s signature.

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Our other newsletters General Prison Policy Initiative newsletter ( archives [[link removed]]) Ending prison gerrymandering ( archives [[link removed]])

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