[Racist judges get schooled (in 1963). School integration? No way
(1958). A very deadly parade (1918). Prisoners of conscience (1943).
Broadway says no to racism (1933). No way to run a website (2013).
Abolitionists unite! (1833)]
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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, SEPT. 26-OCT. 2  
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_ Racist judges get schooled (in 1963). School integration? No way
(1958). A very deadly parade (1918). Prisoners of conscience (1943).
Broadway says 'no' to racism (1933). No way to run a website (2013).
Abolitionists unite! (1833) _

Miss Mary Hamilton, prisoner,

 

RACIST JUDGES GET SCHOOLED 
_SEPTEMBER 26, 1963 (60 YEARS AGO)._ Mary Hamilton was an Alabama
civil rights activist who had been convicted of contempt of court
when, on the witness stand, she refused to respond to a prosecutor who
insisted on addressing her as "Mary," and not "Miss Hamilton," in
keeping with the racist custom of addressing whites as Mr. or Miss or
Mrs. Doe, but addressing Blacks by their first name. Hamilton appealed
her contempt-of-court conviction to the Alabama Supreme Court; on
September 26, 1963, the court's nine justices, all of them white men,
unanimously upheld the conviction. With the assistance of the NAACP
Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Hamilton appealed to the U.S.
Supreme Court. That court's nine justices (all of them white men)
found in Hamilton's favor and reversed the Alabama Supreme Court.
[link removed](1964)
 
SCHOOL INTEGRATION? NO WAY. 
_SEPTEMBER 27, 1958 (65 YEARS AGO)._ In Little Rock, Arkansas, voters
choose to close public schools rather than integrate. Similar actions
occurred throughout the South. There was not a single integrated
school in the Deep South until 1961. Much more information is
available here: [link removed]

A VERY DEADLY PARADE
_SEPTEMBER 28, 1918 (105 YEARS AGO)._ Downtown Philadelphia is mobbed
with 200,000 supporters of U.S. participation in World War I, part of
a national week-long hyper-patriotic campaign to market war bonds to
the public. The parade takes place against the advice of many
Philadelphia doctors who are aware that the city is beginning to
experience an epidemic of an extremely contagious and unusually deadly
strain of influenza. Despite the doctors' advice, Philadelphia
officials recklessly cause what is perhaps the deadliest 1-day event
in U.S. history, a celebration that resulted in the death of an
estimated twelve thousand participants and bystanders.
    On this day, doctors in Boston, New York and Philadelphia were
beginning to understand that a new strain of influenza was infecting
thousands of people in the East Coast's major cities. The first
Philadelphia cases had been reported on September 11 and the number of
people infected was rising each day. Based on that information, many
doctors advised the Mayor in the strongest language to postpone what
would now be called a super-spreader event.
    The Mayor, with encouragement from the White House, ignores the
advice of local doctors; downtown Philadelphia is mobbed. Less than a
week after the parade, every Philadelphia hospital was full to
capacity with seriously ill flu patients, many of whom reported they
had been in perfect health when they attended the parade.
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Prisoners of Conscience 
_September 29, 1943 (80 years ago)_. Five conscientious objectors who
were imprisoned for their refusal to be drafted into the Army begin a
hunger strike at the Federal Penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania,
to protest racial segregation of prisoners at mealtimes and the
unnecessarily heavy censorship of their mail. They were asking prison
officials to give prisoners the right to sit wherever they chose
during meals and they were asking for a mail-censorship regime that
only concerned matters that were relevant to prison security and
conditions, whereas the censors were deleting (with scissors)
everything concerning politics. visit
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information and click on the image of the leaflet to read the striking
prisoners' own words.

BROADWAY SAYS 'NO' TO RACISM 
_SEPTEMBER 30, 1933 (90 YEARS AGO)._ When the Irving Berlin musical
comedy "As Thousands Cheer" opens on Broadway, one of its three stars,
Ethel Waters, is the first Black woman to get top billing in a
Broadway production. No one could have doubted she was a star, but for
her to be billed as such was unprecedented. In addition, the audience
hears Waters sing "Supper Time," a lament about lynching, which is the
first time a Broadway show broaches the subject. An indication of how
radical Berlin's choice of a star and subject matter are can be seen
in the attitude of Waters' two (white) co-stars. When the show opened
they refused to bow with Waters after the final curtain. Berlin told
them, fine, then no one will take any bows.  The two reluctant stars
decided they preferred to bow with Waters than not bow at all.
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No Way to Run a Website
_October 1, 2013 (10 years ago)._ Enrollment for the Affordable Care
Act, which is the U.S. healthcare system's biggest regulatory overhaul
and expansion of coverage since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid
in 1965, opens with the unveiling of a new federal website,
HealthCare.gov. 
    The program's rollout quickly turns from a moment of triumph
into a disaster because the website's software has an unimaginable
number of bugs. Millions of people who attempt to use the website to
enroll in the program are unable to do so, because the software is so
faulty. In its first week of operation, only 1 percent to those who
attempt to enroll are successful.
    Official explanations for the website's failures are later
shown to be false. For example, the chief U.S. technology officer
tells the media that the site was designed to accommodate
50,000-60,000 simultaneous users and not the 250,000 who attempted to
enroll. But later it is revealed that when the site was tested before
going live it crashed when it was accessed simultaneously by only 1100
users.
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Abolitionists Unite!
_October 2, 1833 (190 years ago)._ Journalist William Lloyd Garrison
and business owner Arthur Tappan hold the first meeting of the
American Anti-Slavery Society.  Two months later, they convene a
meeting of 62 supporters from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio
and all six New England states. Within five years of its founding, the
society has some 1350 local chapters and about 250,000 members. The
formerly enslaved Frederick Douglass joins in 1843, five years after
his escape from bondage.
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* U.S. history
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* Racism
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* school segregation
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* pandemics
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* Conscientious Objectors (2141
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* Affordable Care Act
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* Abolitionist movement
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