[Deadly weather in 2005. KKK run out of town in 1923. FBI
informers mess up in 1973. The telephone industry discovers women
workers in 1878. TV news is ready for prime time in 1963. Frederick
Douglass frees himself in 1838. Ethnic cleansing in 1838.]
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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, AUG. 28 – SEPT. 5  
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_ Deadly weather in 2005. KKK run out of town in 1923. FBI informers
mess up in 1973. The telephone industry discovers women workers in
1878. TV news is ready for prime time in 1963. Frederick Douglass
frees himself in 1838. Ethnic cleansing in 1838. _

Survivors of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans.,

 

_AUGUST 29, 2005 (18 YEARS AGO)._ One of North America's most
devastating weather-related disasters begins when the eye of Hurricane
Katrina crosses the Louisiana shoreline about 50 miles southeast of
downtown New Orleans. Even before the center storm reaches land, some
of the dikes, called levees, in central New Orleans had already
collapsed. Soon many more New Orleans levees fail or are overtopped by
the Hurricane's 9-foot storm surge. As a result, 80 percent of New
Orleans, Louisiana's largest city, with a population of 450,000, is
flooded. Katrina kills more than 1800 people, making it the deadliest
North American hurricane since 1928. A large portion of the death toll
is caused by failure of the flood-control systems built and maintained
by the U.S. Army's Corps of Engineers. To make matters worse, the
negligence of the emergency response was bad enough to force the
resignations of the heads of both the Federal Emergency Management
Agency and the New Orleans Police Department. Today, Katrina marks a
tipping point for environmental catastrophes. In the 18 years
following the Katrina disaster, at least 4600 people in the U.S. and
its possessions have died as a result of major weather-related
disasters. During the 18 years before Katrina, the comparable number
was 2530. [link removed]

_AUGUST 30, 1923 (100 YEARS AGO)._  In Perth Amboy NJ, less than a
mile from Staten Island, NY, some six thousand people attack a Ku Klux
Klan meeting in the Odd Fellows Hall, totally routing the KKK, despite
attempts by police and firefighters to stop them.
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_AUGUST 31, 1973 (50 YEARS AGO). _The month-long trial of the
Gainesville Eight, who are accused of conspiracy to violently disrupt
the 1972 Republican National Convention, ends when the jury needs less
than four hours to find all the defendants not guilty. The case
against the defendants, seven of whom were members of Vietnam Veterans
Against the War, depended heavily on the testimony of five paid FBI
informers who had infiltrated the veterans' organization. After the
informers' credibility was badly undermined during cross-examination,
the verdict was no surprise, except, perhaps, to the FBI and the
prosecutors.
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_SEPTEMBER 1, 1878 (145 YEARS AGO)._ In Boston, Emma Nutt starts to
work as a telephone operator. It is an important event because she is
the first woman telephone operator in the U.S. Before Nutt is hired,
all telephone operators are men (or tall boys). But there are very few
of them at the time, because the first telephone company is a little
more than a year old.  Men (and boys) had been hired as operators
because almost all of the many thousands of _telegraph_ operators were
male. But men did not make good telephone operators, because the job
required them to have a conversation with every telephone user. The
user would signal the telephone company that he or she wanted to make
a call, a telephone operator would come on the line and ask for the
number to be called. It was quickly discovered that men had a tendency
to be impatient or rude to the customers. Emma Nutt, who was 18 at the
time, with a soothing voice and excellent manners, was an immediate
success. Very soon her employer began to replace male operators with
women (and tall girls). Not only were female operators more polite,
but they could be paid as little as 25 percent of the hourly wage paid
to male operators. Within a decade of Emma Nutt's hiring, virtually
all telephone operators in the U.S. were female.
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_SEPTEMBER 2, 1963 (60 YEARS AGO)._ CBS Evening News doubles the
length of its weeknight news program, going to 30 minutes. It is the
first of the networks to do so.
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_SEPTEMBER 3, 1838 (185 YEARS AGO)._ Frederick Douglass, who is about
21 years old,  escapes his slave master in Baltimore. Travelling by
train and by boat, and carrying papers showing he is not enslaved, he
manages to reach Manhattan in less than 24 hours. You can read about
his remarkable life here:
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_SEPTEMBER 4, 1838 (185 YEARS AGO AND A DAY AFTER FREDERICK DOUGLASS
ESCAPED FROM SLAVERY)._ In what is known as the Potawatomi Trail of
Death, one of many, many, similar episodes of ethnic cleansing, 859
Potawatomi Nation members are forced to begin a 660-mile trek from
northern Indiana to eastern Kansas. During the journey, which requires
two months to complete, more than five percent of the deportees die.
The expulsion of the Potawatomi Nation was conducted under the Indian
Removal Act of 1830, which resulted in forcing at least 50,000 Native
Americans to relocate to the west of the Mississippi River.
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* U.S. history
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* Hurricane Katrina
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* Ku Klux Klan
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* Gainesville Eight
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* Political repression
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* Vietnam Veterans Against the War
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* women workers
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* Television news
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* Frederick Douglass
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* ethnic cleansing
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* Native Americans
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* Indian Removal Act of 1830
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