[Documenting the Vietnam War in 1969. War crime in Yemen in 2018.
Face-masks protect from pandemic in 1918. Hip-hop is born in 1973.
White House report doesnt see race in 1938. Blowin In the Wind dropped
in 1963. Springfield Massacre in 1908.]
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THIS WEEK IN PEOPLE’S HISTORY, AUGUST 8 – 14  
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_ Documenting the Vietnam War in 1969. War crime in Yemen in 2018.
Face-masks protect from pandemic in 1918. Hip-hop is born in 1973.
White House report doesn't see race in 1938. Blowin' In the Wind
dropped in 1963. Springfield Massacre in 1908. _

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_AUGUST 8, 1969._ After an extensive newsgathering visit to Vietnam,
The Newsreel's 3-man crew arrives at JFK.  On their way through
Immigration, Customs agents cite the law against importing media
"advocating or urging treason or insurrection against the United
States or forcible resistance to any law of the United States" and
force them to surrender their work-product -- 12,000 feet of
undeveloped film, 12 undeveloped rolls of still photos and 4 hours of
audio tape. The journalists -- Norm Fruchter, Robert Kramer and John
Douglas -- sue to recover their invaluable property. Just before the
first hearing on the case, on August 15 the government does not
attempt to defend its actions. Customs returns all of the material,
which Fruchter, Kramer and Douglas use to produce the unforgettable
and eye-opening 40-minute documentary, People's War. You can watch it
yourself here: [link removed]

_AUGUST 9, 2018 (5 YEARS AGO)._ A McDonnell Douglas F-15 jet, supplied
to the Royal Saudi Air Force by the U.S., drops a bomb (manufactured
in the U.S. by General Dynamics) on a school bus in a civilian village
in Yemen, as part of the U.S.-supported Saudi war against Yemen. At
least 44 children and 10 adults, all civilians, are killed. In
response to the international outcry against the apparent war crime,
U.S. officials say "the U.S. is not a party to the war in Yemen." For
a more detailed account, visit
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_AUGUST 10, 1918 (105 YEARS AGO)._ The Journal of the American Medical
Association publishes an article, "Measures for the Prevention and
Control of Respiratory Infections in Military Camps," by Dr. Joseph
Capps, who is a U.S. Army major and chief of hospital medical service
at the Army's Camp Grant, an overcrowded training facility in northern
Illinois. At the time of publication, no one is aware of the tsunami
of pandemic influenza that is about to hit the U.S., especially the
Army's massive training camps. Capps' article is just about preventing
the spread of respiratory infections in overcrowded settings, like the
vast camps the Army had built to train hundreds of thousands of raw
recruits to fight in World War I. In the article, Dr. Capps describes
an experiment he had conducted, which was to order everyone in any of
Camp Grant's medical facilities to wear a gauze face-mask at all
times. According to Dr. Capps, when everyone, no matter what their
health status, wore a face mask, the incidence of respiratory diesease
was so sharply reduced that he terminated the experiment prematurely,
and made masking part of the routine in base hospitals, infirmaries
and ambulances. In June 1918, at the annual meeting of the American
Medical Association, Capps gave a lecture about his recent experience,
and the response from his listeners was emphatic. Almost all of them
whose comments were recorded said that it was obvious the routine use
of gauze face-masks in crowded places was an effective way to prevent
the spread of repiratory disease. By coincidence, pandemic influenza
became a major crisis in the U.S. less then a month later, when Dr.
Capp's discovery was fresh in the mind of many, if not most U.S.
physicians. Which explains why so many of the people in crowds
photographed during the winter of 1918-19 are wearing a gauze mask.
Exactly when and how the usefulness of face coverings was forgotten
between 1919 and 2019 is a question for the historians of medicine.
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_AUGUST 11, 1973 (50 YEARS AGO). _DJ Kool Herc emcees a dance party in
the Bronx where he makes what is later described as the first public
presentation of the hip-hop sound.
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_AUGUST 12, 1938 (85 YEARS AGO)._ The White House releases a 60-page
"Report on the Economic Conditions of the South," prepared by the
White House staff with the assistance of a 22-person "advisory
committee of Southern citizens," (one of whom is a woman and none
African-American). The New York Times treats the report's release as
the day's top story, putting it on the top right of page one with a
3-column, 3-deck head: "ORGANIZING SOUTH'S WEALTH VITAL TO SOUND
PROSPERITY, REPORT TO ROOSEVELT SAYS".  The Times prints the report's
complete text on slightly more than two full pages. Remarkably, the
report almost never refers to race and makes no mention of segregation
or racial discrimination. Other than noting that 29 percent of the
South's population is "colored," the report's only reference to race
concerns the competition for jobs between white and "Negro" workers.
In the section concerning "Private and Public Income" it does not
mention of race, but it does state that "the poll tax keeps the poorer
citizens from voting in eight Southern States." Writing a 60-page
pamphlet analyzing the South's economy in such a way must have been
difficult. But why? 
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_AUGUST 13, 1963 (60 YEARS AGO)._ Bob Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind"
single, with "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" on the B-side, is
released by Columbia. "Blowin' in the Wind" quickly becomes an anthem
of millions of young people (and some not-so-young people) all over
the world. [link removed] 

_AUGUST 14, 1908 (115 YEARS AGO). _In Springfield, the capital of
Illinois, a mob that is estimated in include five thousand people,
about 8 percent of the city's white population, begins a 3-day attack
on the city's 2700 Black residents.  The number of people killed is
never determined with any precision. The attackers set most of the
city's Black-occupied  dwellings and businesses on fire, and force
Springfield's Black population to flee. A substantial (but unknown)
percentage of those who leave never return. It is an event that would
be utterly shocking, if it were not for the fact that it is so similar
to massacres of African-Americans in Colfax, La. (1873), Brownsville,
La. (1874), Vicksburg, Miss. (1874), Wilmington, N.C. (1898), Little
River County, Ark. (1899) and Atlanta (1906). The Springfield massacre
also foreshadows future attacks in Slocum, Tex. (1910), Forsythe
County, Ga. (1912), East St. Louis, Ill. (1917), Elaine, Ark. (1919),
Ocoee, Fla. (1920), Tulsa, Okla. (1921) and Rosewood, Fla. (1923).
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* Vietnam War
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* Yemen Civil War
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* public health
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* popular music
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* Racism
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