Cluster munitions are controversial because they have high dud rates, and can later explode like landmines and injure civilians. The Convention on Cluster Munitions, which prohibits their use, has been signed by 123 nations–but Russia, Ukraine, and the United States have not signed the convention.

SOURCE: "Cluster Munitions: What Are They, and Why Is the United States Sending Them to Ukraine?" by CSIS's Mark F. Cancian.

In 2022, Russian cyber aggression mostly targeted private non-state actors, followed by attacks targeting state and local government actors. Just 8.5 percent targeted government military actors.

SOURCE: "Cyber Operations during the Russo-Ukrainian War" by CSIS's Grace B. Mueller, Benjamin Jensen, Brandon Valeriano, Ryan C. Maness, and Jose M. Macias.

In 2019, President Trump issued Executive Order 13859, directing federal agencies to develop AI regulatory plans. As of December, only 5 of the 41 major agencies had fulfilled that order.

SOURCE: "Managing Existential Risk from AI without Undercutting Innovation" by CSIS's Michael Frank.

Over 285 million people living in Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt depend on the Nile. Consistent water management and diplomacy will be key, both within and across borders, to decrease tensions and instability in Nile Basin countries.

SOURCE: "Guardians of the Nile: No Interstate War, No Peace" by CSIS's Natasha Hall.