To shift the offense-defense balance in its favor, Russia has designed one of the largest defensive systems in Europe since World War II. It has constructed a line of fortifications roughly 2,000 kilometers long, running from Russia’s border with Belarus to the Dnipro Delta.

SOURCE: "Ukraine’s Offensive Operations" by CSIS's Seth G. Jones, Alexander Palmer, and Joseph S. Bermudez Jr.

NATO allies should spend up to 4 percent of their GDP on defense and security: 2 percent on traditional defense, and 2 percent on other strategically vital activities such as peacetime preparedness and resilience, according to new CSIS expert analysis.

SOURCE: "From Burden Sharing to Responsibility Sharing" by CSIS's Kathleen McInnis and Daniel Fata.

Prices of basic goods and services in Turkey increased by over 105 percent over the past year, and economists warn that Turkey could face macroeconomic instability in the months ahead.

SOURCE: "Support for Refugees Erodes in the Middle East" by CSIS's Will Todman.

Retreating Russian soldiers have left behind untold numbers of anti-personnel mines, anti-vehicle mines, and unexploded ordnance across Ukraine, which has likely killed more than 200 people.

SOURCE: "Demining Ukraine: An Urgent but Under-Resourced Priority" by CSIS's Daniel Fata.