John,

The Sentencing Project today released a new report, “Youth Justice By The Numbers” which found a drastic 77% decrease in youth incarceration at juvenile facilities between 2000 and 2020 (from 109,000 to 25,000). Public opinion often lags behind these realities, wrongly assuming both that crime is perpetually increasing and that youth offending is routinely violent. But in fact, most youth offenses are low-level, nonviolent offenses and the 21st century has witnessed significant declines in youth offending, arrests, and incarceration.

The sharp declines in youth arrests and incarceration demonstrate the possibilities for similar success for the adult population, as well. However, the persistent racial and ethnic disparities in the youth justice system highlight the need to address the sources of those disparities wherever they emerge.

The report also found that:

Youth of color are much more likely than white youth to be held in juvenile facilities. In 2019, Black youth were 4.4 times as likely to be incarcerated; Tribal youth were 3.2 times as likely; and Latinx youth were 27% as likely than white youth to be incarcerated. Asian youth were the least likely to be held in juvenile facilities.
White youth are more likely to be diverted from formal court involvement. And when convicted, white youth are more likely to receive probation or informal sanctions, whereas Black youth are more likely to be incarcerated.
The arrest rate for people under 18 years old has declined 80% through 2020, since peaking in 1996.
Juvenile placement rates vary widely among states. The highest is Alaska, where 330 out of 100,000 youth are in placement; the lowest is New Hampshire, where 20 out of 100,000 youth are held.
Between 1997 and 2021, there was an 84% drop in the number of youth held in adult jails and prisons.

As The Sentencing Project marks 50 years since the era of mass incarceration began, states working to end this overly punitive era can learn important lessons from both the rise and then the sustained fall in youth arrests and placements.

You can read the full report here.