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** RAND research and commentary on the issues that matter most
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May 11, 2023


The End of the U.S. COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Q&A with RAND Experts

On March 13, 2020, as COVID-19 began claiming lives worldwide at a frightening pace, the U.S. government declared a public health emergency. That declaration expires today.

In a new Q&A, we asked more than a dozen RAND experts to reflect on the past three years: What were the effects of COVID-19 in the United States and around the world? What was done right? What was done wrong? And what could help mitigate the health and geopolitical impacts of future pandemics?

RAND researchers also weighed in this week on other lessons learned as the emergency phase of the pandemic era comes to an end:
- Julia Bandini, Lucy Schulson, and Laurie Martin considered how COVID-19 has changed the landscape of health literacy and what can be done to improve health communication in the future: [link removed]
- A newly published research brief by Lori Uscher-Pines and Shira Fischer looks at telehealth use before and during the pandemic, considering how it affects care quality, access, and equity: [link removed]
- Carter Price took the opportunity to ask ChatGPT for key takeaways from the pandemic, concluding that useful policy analysis is not one of the AI's uses - at least for now: [link removed]

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RAND Turns 75: A Look Back at Our Research

For 75 years, decisionmakers around the world have turned to RAND for help solving the most complex and consequential public policy challenges. In honor of our anniversary this month, we're highlighting some of our most notable projects - from the iconic statistical reference, A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates, to our analysis that contributed to the global ban of ozone-depleting substances, to the ongoing RAND Gun Policy in America initiative.

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Labor Trafficking in the United States

An estimated 14,500 to 17,500 people are trafficked into the United States each year to perform bonded or forced labor. Labor trafficking, in fact, is the most common form of human trafficking worldwide. A new RAND report highlights key issues that need to be addressed in order to reduce labor trafficking. The authors emphasize that addressing the problem is especially challenging because identifying victims is very difficult.

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The Aftermath of Great-Power Wars

From the Crimean War of 1853 to World Wars I and II, new RAND research looks back at the history of great-power wars. The authors also consider how several hypothetical conflicts between the United States and China or Russia could produce unwanted consequences - even if the United States was victorious. As lead author Miranda Priebe tweeted, "the real winners are likely to be the parties that don't fight in these conflicts."

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The Effects of Providing Legal Counsel at Bail Hearings

A new RAND study finds that providing defendants with legal counsel during their initial bail hearings decreases both the use of cash bail and the probability of pretrial detention. These changes occurred without increasing the likelihood that defendants fail to appear at a subsequent hearing. "This study is particularly relevant," says lead author Shamena Anwar, "given that roughly half of the counties in the United States do not currently provide defense representation at the bail hearing."

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Can the United States Deter Threats from Uncertain Origins?

In 2016, U.S. Department of State officials stationed in Cuba began reporting a range of symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, and ringing of the ears. So-called Havana Syndrome has since been reported by U.S. personnel in 70 countries. In a new RAND report, this mystery serves as a case study to show the challenges of responding to a national security threat that is masked in ambiguity. The authors also look at two other examples: the SolarWinds cyberattack and the Chinese Communist Party's connections to organized crime.

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