New data and analysis for criminal justice reform

Criminal Justice Research Library for January 29, 2020 Bringing you the latest in empirical research about mass incarceration

We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 25 new reports to the Research Library [[link removed]]: Health Behaviors and Outcomes Associated With Personal and Family History of Criminal Justice System Involvement, New York City, 2017 [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Maria Baquero, Kimberly Zweig, and Sharon B. Meropol, January, 2020

"New York City adults with personal or family CJS involvement, or both, were more likely to report adverse health outcomes and behaviors." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Families [[link removed]] State criminal justice policy context and opioid agonist treatment delivery among opioid treatment admissions, 2015 [[link removed]!] by Shivani Mantha, Pia M. Mauro, Christine M. Mauro, Silvia S. Martins, January, 2020

"Criminal justice referral to treatment was associated with an 85% reduction in the odds of receiving [opioid agonist treatment], compared to other sources of treatment referral" Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] National Study of Prosecutor Elections [[link removed]] by UNC School of Law, January, 2020

"Although most prosecutor elections are uncontested, most voters tend to live in jurisdictions that are more likely to give them a choice." Categories: Trials [[link removed]] Criminal Justice Reform in the Fentanyl Era: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back [[link removed]] by Drug Policy Alliance, January, 2020

"A recent analysis of federal fentanyl sentencing revealed that 75% of all individuals sentenced for fentanyl trafficking were people of color, suggesting that fentanyl enforcement already mirrors other disparate drug enforcement." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] Treatment versus Punishment: Understanding Racial Inequalities in Drug Policy [[link removed]] by Jin Woo Kim, Evan Morgan, Brendan Nyhan, December, 2019

"Policy makers were more likely to introduce punitive drug-related bills during the crack scare and are more likely to introduce treatment-oriented bills during the current opioid crisis." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Gang Takedowns in the De Blasio Era: The Dangers of 'Precision Policing' [[link removed]] by The Policing and Social Justice Project at Brooklyn College, December, 2019

"Gang policing replicates the harms of mass incarceration strategies that have come under increased scrutiny. It is dangerous and discriminatory and will not uplift neighborhoods struggling with intra-community violence, gang-related or otherwise." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] One Year After the First Step Act: Mixed Outcomes [[link removed]] by Sentencing Project, December, 2019

"Expansion of good-time credits implemented in July led to the release of approximately 3,000 in federal prisons; one-third, however, were transferred to the custody of other jurisdictions because of existing detainers." Categories: General [[link removed]] Solitary Confinement and the U.S. Prison Boom [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Ryan T. Sakoda, Jessica T. Simes, December, 2019

"Long stays in solitary confinement were rare in the late 1980s with no detectable racial disparities, but a sharp increase in capacity after a new prison opening began an era of long-term isolation most heavily affecting Black young adults." Categories: Conditions of Confinement [[link removed]] Housing Not Handcuffs: Ending the Criminalization of Homelessness in U.S. Cities [[link removed]] by National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, December, 2019

"Over the past thirteen years, there has been a dramatic increase in criminalization laws, yet access to affordable housing grows ever more elusive." Categories: Poverty and wealth [[link removed]] Police and Policing [[link removed]] Mass incarceration and public health: the association between black jail incarceration and adverse birth outcomes among black women in Louisiana [[link removed]] by Lauren Dyer, Rachel Hardeman, Dovile Vilda, Katherine Theall & Maeve Wallace, December, 2019

This analysis of births among black women in Louisiana demonstrated that higher parish-level incarceration prevalence for black individuals were associated with significantly greater risks for preterm birth among parish residents. Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Women [[link removed]] Civil Rights and Pretrial Risk Assessment Instruments [[link removed]] by David G. Robinson and Logan Koepke, December, 2019

"Pretrial risk assessment instruments often appear to function as a substitute for broader or more fundamental changes." Categories: Pretrial Detention [[link removed]] Diverted Opportunities: Gaps in Drug Treatment for Justice System-Involved Populations in Harris County, Texas [[link removed]] by Katharine Neill Harris and Jay Jenkins, December, 2019

"Findings from this project are consistent with prior research that suggests the justice system is generally not designed to meet the needs of a large segment of the diverted population." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] We All Pay: Mississippi's Harmful Habitual Laws [[link removed]] by FWD.us, November, 2019

"Despite making up 13 percent of the state's population,75 percent of the people with 20+ year habitual sentences are Black men." Categories: Sentencing Policy and Practices [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Court-Ordered Community Service: A National Perspective [[link removed]] by Center for Court Innovation, November, 2019

"Numerous findings also suggest current practices are undercutting the potential of community service to act as an alternative to fines and fees." Categories: General [[link removed]] Suicide in North Carolina Jails: High Suicide and Overdose Rates Require Urgent Jail Reform Action [[link removed]] by Disability Rights North Carolina, October, 2019

"Jail deaths by overdose nearly tripled between 2017 and 2018, increasing by 175%" Categories: Jails [[link removed]] Fee Abolition and the Promise of Debt-Free Justice for Young People and Their Families in California: A Status Report on the Implementation of Senate Bill 190 [[link removed]] by Berkeley Law Policy Advocacy Clinic, October, 2019

"In violation of SB 190, some counties continue to assess prohibited fees against young people ages 18-21 in criminal court for home detention, electronic monitoring, and drug testing." Categories: Youth [[link removed]] School Discipline, Safety, and Climate: A Comprehensive Study in New York City [[link removed]] by Center for Court Innovation, October, 2019

"Students with disabilities, those who were chronically absent, and those who were economically disadvantaged were more likely to be arrested than their counterparts." Categories: Education [[link removed]] Disability [[link removed]] Crisis Response Services for People with Mental Illnesses or Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Literature on Police-based and Other First Response Models [[link removed]] by Vera Institute of Justice, October, 2019

"Police-based and related crisis response services for people with mental illnesses or I/DD can play a vital role in reducing justice system contact and improving health outcomes among these vulnerable populations." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] America's Favorite Antidote: Drug-Induced Homicide in the Age of the Overdose Crisis [[link removed]] by Leo Beletsky, September, 2019

"At a time of crisis, drug-induced homicide laws and prosecutions represent a false prophecy of retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation." Categories: Drug Policy [[link removed]] Drug use in the year after prison [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Bruce Western, Jessica T. Simes, August, 2019

"Results suggest that in a Medicaid expansion state where health coverage is widely provided to people leaving prison, formerly-incarcerated men and women use medications, not illegal drugs, to address their health needs." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Drug Policy [[link removed]] Testifying while black: An experimental study of court reporter accuracy in transcription of African American English [[link removed]] by Taylor Jones, Jessica Rose Kalbfeld, Ryan Hancock, and Robin Clark, 2019

"Here, we demonstrate that Philadelphia court reporters consistently fail to meet this level of transcription accuracy when confronted with mundane examples of spoken African American English." Categories: Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Trials [[link removed]] Bias in Video Evidence: Implications for Police Body Cameras [[link removed]] by Ashley Kalle, Georgina Hammock, 2019

"While watching the same video, diff erent conclusions were drawn about what transpired, who was culpable, the character of the individuals involved, and the level of force used based on observers' focus and their racial attitudes." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] An Analysis of State Statutes Regarding the Role of Law Enforcement [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Carly E. Cortright, Wesley McCann, Dale Willits, Craig Hemmens, Mary K. Stohr, October, 2018

"Our findings indicate a counterintuitive reversal in the trend, with more states removing order maintenance and peacekeeping duties from their statutes despite the wide dominance of community-oriented policing." Categories: Police and Policing [[link removed]] Avoiding the Runaround: The Link Between Cultural Health Capital and Health Management Among Older Prisoners [[link removed]]Paywall :( by Meghan A. Novisky, July, 2018

"Findings show that older prisoners make deliberate choices to protect their health from the constraints and deprivations inherent in their carceral lives." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Racial disparities in health conditions among prisoners compared with the general population [[link removed]] by Kathryn M. Nowotny, Richard G. Rogers, Jason D. Boardman, December, 2017

"The incarcerated population generally has worse health than the noninstitutionalized population, especially for hypertension, heart problems, asthma, kidney problems, stroke, arthritis, and cancer." Categories: Health impact [[link removed]] Race and ethnicity [[link removed]] Please support our work [[link removed]]

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